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EMBO Reports Nov 2019Neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases cause considerable human suffering, and therapy options for these two disease categories are limited or non-existing. It... (Review)
Review
Neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases cause considerable human suffering, and therapy options for these two disease categories are limited or non-existing. It is an emerging notion that neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are linked in several ways, and in this review, we discuss the current status regarding vascular dysregulation in neurodegenerative disease, and conversely, how cerebrovascular diseases are associated with central nervous system (CNS) degeneration and dysfunction. The emerging links between neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are reviewed with a particular focus on pericytes-important cells that ensheath the endothelium in the microvasculature and which are pivotal for blood-brain barrier function and cerebral blood flow. Finally, we address how novel molecular and cellular insights into pericytes and other vascular cell types may open new avenues for diagnosis and therapy development for these important diseases.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurovascular Coupling; Pericytes
PubMed: 31617312
DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948070 -
BioMed Research International 2018
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Homeostasis; Humans; Rats
PubMed: 30402493
DOI: 10.1155/2018/8140545 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of pregnancy, resulting in a fetus that fails to reach its genetically determined growth potential. Whilst the... (Review)
Review
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of pregnancy, resulting in a fetus that fails to reach its genetically determined growth potential. Whilst the fetal cardiovascular response to acute hypoxia is well established, the fetal defence to chronic hypoxia is not well understood due to experiment constraints. Growth restriction results primarily from reduced oxygen and nutrient supply to the developing fetus, resulting in chronic hypoxia. The fetus adapts to chronic hypoxia by redistributing cardiac output via brain sparing in an attempt to preserve function in the developing brain. This review highlights the impact of brain sparing on the developing fetal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, as well as emerging long-term effects in offspring that were growth restricted at birth. Here, we explore the pathogenesis associated with brain sparing within the cerebrovascular system. An increased understanding of the mechanistic pathways will be critical to preventing neuropathological outcomes, including motor dysfunction such as cerebral palsy, or behaviour dysfunctions including autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Topics: Cardiac Output; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy
PubMed: 34299174
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147555 -
Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel,... 2021
Topics: Anniversaries and Special Events; Biomedical Research; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Diffusion of Innovation; Editorial Policies; Forecasting; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Periodicals as Topic
PubMed: 33486473
DOI: 10.1159/000514372 -
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy Jun 2023Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a core feature of most neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. White matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy have been...
BACKGROUND
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a core feature of most neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. White matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy have been implicated in NPS. We aimed to investigate the relative contribution of white matter hyperintensities and cortical thickness to NPS in participants across neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases.
METHODS
Five hundred thirteen participants with one of these conditions, i.e. Alzheimer's Disease/Mild Cognitive Impairment, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Frontotemporal Dementia, Parkinson's Disease, or Cerebrovascular Disease, were included in the study. NPS were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory - Questionnaire and grouped into hyperactivity, psychotic, affective, and apathy subsyndromes. White matter hyperintensities were quantified using a semi-automatic segmentation technique and FreeSurfer cortical thickness was used to measure regional grey matter loss.
RESULTS
Although NPS were frequent across the five disease groups, participants with frontotemporal dementia had the highest frequency of hyperactivity, apathy, and affective subsyndromes compared to other groups, whilst psychotic subsyndrome was high in both frontotemporal dementia and Parkinson's disease. Results from univariate and multivariate results showed that various predictors were associated with neuropsychiatric subsyndromes, especially cortical thickness in the inferior frontal, cingulate, and insula regions, sex(female), global cognition, and basal ganglia-thalamus white matter hyperintensities.
CONCLUSIONS
In participants with neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases, our results suggest that smaller cortical thickness and white matter hyperintensity burden in several cortical-subcortical structures may contribute to the development of NPS. Further studies investigating the mechanisms that determine the progression of NPS in various neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are needed.
Topics: Humans; Female; White Matter; Frontotemporal Dementia; Parkinson Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37340319
DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01257-y -
Journal of Atherosclerosis and... Feb 2022
Topics: Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33828004
DOI: 10.5551/jat.ED167 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2022Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, play an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs).... (Review)
Review
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, play an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). They are effectively detectable in body fluids, potentially suggesting new biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of CVDs. In this review, the physiological functions of circulating ncRNAs and their potential role as diagnostic and prognostic markers in patients with cerebrovascular diseases are discussed, especially in acute ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and moyamoya disease.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Prognosis; RNA, Untranslated
PubMed: 35498129
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8149701 -
Movement Disorders : Official Journal... Jun 2015Progressive ambulatory impairment and abnormal white matter (WM) signal on neuroimaging come together under the diagnostic umbrella of vascular parkinsonism (VaP). A... (Review)
Review
Progressive ambulatory impairment and abnormal white matter (WM) signal on neuroimaging come together under the diagnostic umbrella of vascular parkinsonism (VaP). A critical appraisal of the literature, however, suggests that (1) no abnormal structural imaging pattern is specific to VaP; (2) there is poor correlation between brain MRI hyperintensities and microangiopathic brain disease and parkinsonism from available clinicopathologic data; (3) pure parkinsonism from vascular injury ("definite" vascular parkinsonism) consistently results from ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes involving the SN and/or nigrostriatal pathway, but sparing the striatum itself, the cortex, and the intervening WM; and (4) many cases reported as VaP may represent pseudovascular parkinsonism (e.g., Parkinson's disease or another neurodegenerative parkinsonism, such as PSP with nonspecific neuroimaging signal abnormalities), vascular pseudoparkinsonism (e.g., akinetic mutism resulting from bilateral mesial frontal strokes or apathetic depression from bilateral striatal lacunar strokes), or pseudovascular pseudoparkinsonism (e.g., higher-level gait disorders, including normal-pressure hydrocephalus with transependimal exudate). These syndromic designations are preferable over VaP until pathology or validated biomarkers confirm the underlying nature and relevance of the leukoaraiosis. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Humans; Parkinsonian Disorders; Syndrome
PubMed: 25997420
DOI: 10.1002/mds.26263 -
Current Neuropharmacology 2023Epilepsy is a common comorbidity of cerebrovascular disease and an increasing socioeconomic burden. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Epilepsy is a common comorbidity of cerebrovascular disease and an increasing socioeconomic burden.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to provide an updated comprehensive review on the state of the art about seizures and epilepsy in stroke, cerebral haemorrhage, and leukoaraiosis.
METHODS
We selected English-written articles on epilepsy, stroke, and small vessel disease up until December 2021. We reported the most recent data about epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognosis, and management for each disease.
RESULTS
The main predictors for both ES and PSE are the severity and extent of stroke, the presence of cortical involvement and hemorrhagic transformation, while PSE is also predicted by younger age at stroke onset. Few data exist on physiopathology and seizure semiology, and no randomized controlled trial has been performed to standardize the therapeutic approach to post-stroke epilepsy.
CONCLUSION
Some aspects of ES and PSE have been well explored, particularly epidemiology and risk factors. On the contrary, few data exist on physiopathology, and existing evidence is mainly based on studies on animal models. Little is also known about seizure semiology, which may also be difficult to interpret by non-epileptologists. Moreover, the therapeutic approach needs standardization as regards indications and the choice of specific ASMs. Future research may help to better elucidate these aspects.
Topics: Animals; Epilepsy; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Seizures; Stroke; Comorbidity
PubMed: 35794769
DOI: 10.2174/1570159X20666220706113925 -
Current Hypertension Reports Aug 2015Preeclampsia is a hypertensive, multisystem disorder of pregnancy that affects several organ systems, including the maternal brain. Cerebrovascular dysfunction during... (Review)
Review
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive, multisystem disorder of pregnancy that affects several organ systems, including the maternal brain. Cerebrovascular dysfunction during preeclampsia can lead to cerebral edema, seizures, stroke, and potentially maternal mortality. This review will discuss the effects of preeclampsia on the cerebrovasculature that may adversely affect the maternal brain, including cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation and blood-brain barrier disruption and the resultant clinical outcomes including posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and maternal stroke. Potential long-term cognitive outcomes of preeclampsia and the role of the cerebrovasculature are also reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cognition; Female; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Stroke; White Matter
PubMed: 26126779
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0575-8